FIRST
AID AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
BURNS
Burns are caused by dry heat such as fire, electricity, strong acids and
alkalies.
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Burns Covering Small Area
| Burns Covering Extensive Area
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- Allow cold tap water to run gently over the area or immerse in cold
water.
- It may be necessary to cover with gauze or a clean handkerchief,
and bandage.
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- Allow person to lie down.
- Cover burned areas with sterile dressing or clean cloth and lightly
bandage.
- If clothing is adhering, do not disturb; leave the clothing alone.
- Keep person warm. If person is not nauseated, he may have sips
of water.
- Arrange for immediate medical care. (Call
999 for
ambulance.)
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| NOTE : | Do not user ointments, greases, pastes or powder on burned area.
Do not prick the blisters caused by burns. |
Tetanus Immunisation
Protection against tetanus should be considered whenever the skin is broken by injuries. |
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ELECTRIC SHOCK
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i.
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If possible switch off current. |
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ii. |
If not, remove casualty from contact with electric source using non-conductive articles
like a dry broom handle or dry rope. |
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iii. |
Do not touch patient directly, nor with object that will conduct electricity.
(Examples of objects that are electricity conductors : iron, metal, wet
clothing, etc.) |
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iv. |
Give Rescue Breathing if breathing has stopped.
(See "Artificial Respiration" Instructions ii, iii, iv, v and vi.) |
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v. |
Arrange for emergency medical care.
(Call 994 for
ambulance.) |
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ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION, RESCUE BREATHING TECHNIQUE
| To be
used for a person who has CEASED BREATHING due to drowning,
choking, electric shock or other causes. |
| i. |
Wipe out any fluid
vomitus, mucus or other objects from the mouth with fingers.
Be certain to reach into the throat with finger in case there
is an object blocking the throat.
Remove clothing to expose chest. |
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ii.
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Place person on his back, place hand or soft object under neck,
and keep the head tilted back as far as possible. |
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iii. |
Grasp the angles of the jaw below the ears and lift the jaw so that it juts forward.
This will keep the tongue away from the back of the
throat, so that air can get in. |
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iv. |
Pinch nose with your fingers and blow breath into mouth with smooth,
steady action until the chest is felt of seen to rise. |
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v.
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Remove your mouth.
Allow lungs to empty.
This action should be repeated at the normal breathing rate, i.e. 12-15 times a minute. |
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vi. |
The purpose is to make the chest move as it would normally. |
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vii. |
Have someone contact physician. |
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PREVENTION
OF ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS
COLOUR
CODE OF FLEXIBLE CORDS CONNECTED TO APPLIANCES
Flexible cords connected to
appliances should be wired to conform to the international Colour
Code.
Colour of the insulation on the
wire:
- Brown represents Live wire
- Blue represents Neutral wire
- Green/Yellow Stripes represent
Earth wire
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WHAT
YOU SHOULD LOOK FOR WHEN SELECTING AN ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE
- The appliance should be suitable
for operation on local electrical supply of 240 volts AC and
frequency of 50 Hz.
- The appliance should preferably
be tested and certified by a national or reputed standards
testing authority (e.g. SIRIM).
- Look for SIRIM certified plugs
on the flexible cords connected to the appliances. If the
appliance is double insulated and has a 2-pin plug, then it
should be fitted with a suitable SIRIM certified plug.
- An essential formality when
buying any appliances is a duly completed guarantee card with
the dealer's/retailer's official stamp and details of the
appliance (serial number, etc.).
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SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS WHEN USING ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
- Avoid using handheld appliances
when your hand and/or body is wet.
- Do not use or leave appliances
where liquid can splash onto them.
- Flexible cords connecting the
appliance and the plug should be in good condition, if the
cord is frayed, chaffed, cut or melted, have the entire cord
replaced by a competent person.
- Check accessories such as plugs
attached to appliances for cracks and burnt marks and have
them replaced. If undue overheating occurs or burnt marks
appear in any electrical appliance, have it checked and
serviced.
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SOME
COMMON CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS IN THE HOUSE
Electrical accidents in the house
may be caused by three main factors:
- Faulty house wiring : This
usually occurs when unauthorised extension or rewiring is done
by unqualified persons. Some of the usual faults are the omission
of earth wires and the reversing of the live and neutral
wires. Without an earth wire, the exposed metal parts of
appliances may deliver a lethal shock to the user when a fault
develops.
- Improper flexible cords : This
can be caused by connecting the flexible cord wrongly to the
plug. In the case of appliances which have exposed metallic
parts, a 2-core instead of a 3-core flexible cord is used.
When the appliance is faulty, the exposed metal parts may
become live and a fatal accident could result.
- Faulty appliance : Attempts to
repair faults in electrical appliances by people not trained
to do so can result in accidental shock.
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HOW
CAN ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS BE PREVENTED?
To prevent such accidents, the
following points should be kept in mind:
- All electrical wiring, rewiring
or extension work must be carried out by licensed electrical
contractors. On completion, the contractors will apply to
SESCO to have their work tested before electricity supply is
connected.
- Repair of appliances and
replacement of flexible cords should be carried out only by
competent persons.
- To ensure electrical safety in
the house, a current-operated Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)
or Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) set to operate at a
very small leakage current is recommended. (This is usually
marked 100mA or 0.1A on the label). In case of dangerous
electrical leakage to earth, it should automatically cur off
the supply of electricity.
- DO NOT repair your own
electrical appliances. Engage the services of a competent
technician.
- PREVENT children from meddling
with socket outlets. It may cause a tragic accident.
- DO NOT use multi-way adaptors.
Over loading can cause fire. One socket outlet is for one
appliance only.
- DO NOT carry out wiring
extension by yourself. Engage a licensed wiring contractor for
the work.
- DO NOT use a two-way lighting
adaptor for any extension.
- DO NOT connect any
electrical appliance to lighting outlets. A lighting
outlet does not have an earth wire to prevent danger.
- ENSURE the switch is in
"OFF" position before changing bulbs.
- DO NOT make joints to lengthen
the lead of the electrical appliances. If the lead wire is
worn out or too short, replace it with a new wire.
- DO NOT drive nails carelessly on
the wall. There may be concealed wiring inside.
- USE individual socket outlet for
every electrical appliance.
- KEEP AWAY from danger areas such
as a substation for whatsoever reasons.
- CHECK with Syarikat SESCO Berhad
before carrying out excavation work to prevent damaging any
underground cable. The operator may receive severe electric
shock or even be electrocuted.
- TAKE PRECAUTION when working in
the vicinity of overhead lines to avoid any unforeseen
incident.
- DO NOT meddle with any broken
overhead wire. Report the matter immediately to the nearest
Syraikat SESCO Berhad Office.
- REPORT to the nearest Syarikat
SESCO Berhad Office if tree branches touch the overhead lines.
Supply may be disrupted.
- DO NOT climb any electric pole.
You may receive an electric shock or get electrocuted.
- DO NOT throw anything onto the
overhead lines.
- NEVER attempt to retrieve
anything stuck to overhead lines by what ever means.
- DO NOT climb transmission line
towers. No one is safe from its high voltage shock.
- DO NOT erect any structure close
to transmission lines.
- DO NOT fly kites close to
overhead lines.
- TAKE PRECAUTION when working in
the vicinity of overhead lines to avoid any unforeseen
incident.
- NEVER stand on a damp or wet
surface when using electrical equipment.
- USE a portable electrical tool,
which is properly earthed.
- DO NOT tap electrical power
without a proper plug.
- DO NOT use any electrical tool
which has a damaged casing, cap, switch , lead or plug.
- BEFORE using portable electrical
appliances and tools, always check for:
- Worn or defective insulation
- Loose or broken connection
- Earth wire connection
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